C.	Bibliography:

 1.	Old Testament historical and cultural backgrounds

 a.	The Ancient Near East

		5Arnold, B. T., and Beyer, B. E. Eds. Readings from the Ancient Near East. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

		2Currid, John D., and Barrett, David P. Crossway ESV Bible Atlas. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010.  An excellent Bible atlas, a good introduction to geographical factors.

5Hallo, William W.  Ed.  The Context of Scripture.  3 vols.  Leiden: Brill, 1997-2002.  Update to Pritchard's ANET.

		4Kitchen, Kenneth A.  Ancient Orient and Old Testament.  Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1966.  General discussion of OT in relation to environment.

		5Matthews, V. H., and Benjamin, D. J. Eds. Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories from the Ancient Near East. 2d ed. New York: Paulist, 1997.

		5Pritchard, James B.  Ed.  Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament.  3d ed.  with supplement.  Princeton: Princeton University, 1969.  A classic collection of relevant ANE mythology, epic, suzerainty treaties, legal codes, etc.

		5Pritchard, James B.  Ed.  The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament.  2d ed.  Princeton: Princeton University, 1969.  Pictures related to the concerns of ANET.

		5Pritchard, James B.  The Harper Atlas of the Bible.  New York: Harper & Row, 1987.  Another good Bible atlas.  A moderate critical viewpoint.  G 2230 .H47 1987.

 b.	History and social customs

		2Merrill, Eugene H. Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2008.

		2De Vaux, Roland.  Ancient Israel.  2 vols.  New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.  Social and religious institutions of Israel analyzed from a mildly historical-critical point of view.
		5King, Philip J., and Stage, Lawrence E. Life in Biblical Israel. Westminster John Knox, 2002. Moderately historical-critical.
		3Yamauchi, Edwin M., and Wilson, Marvin R. Dictionary of Daily Life in Biblical and Post-biblical Antiquity. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2014-2016.

 c.	Background for individual OT books

		2Dillard, Raymond B., and Longman, Tremper, III.  An Introduction to the Old Testament.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.  A good up-to-date evangelical OTI.

		4Harrison, Roland K.  Introduction to the Old Testament, with a Comprehensive Review of Old Testament Studies and a Special Supplement on the Apocrypha.  Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969.  An older standard evangelical OTI.

		4Eissfeldt, Otto.  The Old Testament: An Introduction.  New York: Harper & Row, 1965.  A historical-critical introduction.
 2.	New Testament historical and cultural backgrounds

 a.	The Jewish world

		2Currid, John D., and Barrett, David P. Crossway ESV Bible Atlas. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010.  An excellent Bible atlas, a good introduction to geographical factors.

		2Gaster, Theodor H.  The Dead Sea Scriptures in English Translation, with Introduction and Notes.  3d ed.  Garden City: Doubleday, 1976.

		5Lohse, Eduard.  Ed.  Die Texte aus Qumran: Hebraisch und Deutsche.  München: Kösel Verlag, 1971.  Hebrew text of the major Qumran documents, with German translation.

		4Charlesworth, James H.  Ed.  The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha.  Garden City: Doubleday, 1983.

		4Hennecke, E.  Ed.  New Testament Apocrypha.  2 vols. London: SCM, 1963.  Introductions and English texts of NT apocryphal writings.

		5Strack, Hermann L., and Paul Billerbeck.  Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midras.  4 vols.  München: C. H. Beck, 1921-28.  A mine of information of rabbinic ideas related to the NT.

 b.	History and social customs

		5Bruce, F. F. New Testament History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1980. History of NT times.

		3Edersheim, Alfred.  The Temple: Its Ministry and Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus Christ.  Grands Rapids: Eerdmans, 1958.  Valuable, but somewhat uncritical in the use of later rabbinic sources.

		5Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. 3d ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
		3Yamauchi, Edwin M., and Wilson, Marvin R. Dictionary of Daily Life in Biblical and Post-biblical Antiquity. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2014-2016.

 c.	Background for individual NT books

		2Carson, D.A., and Moo, Douglas.  An Introduction to the New Testament.  Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005.  A standard evangelical NTI.

		5Guthrie, Donald.  New Testament Introduction.  3d ed.  London: Tyndale, 1970.  A standard evangelical NTI.

		5Kümmel, Werner Georg.  Introduction to the New Testament.  Rev. ed.  Nashville: Abingdon, 1975.  A standard historical-critical introduction.